Tolerance of the peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.) to saline stress as a function of germination performance
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Abstract
Introduction. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are an oilseed legume of global importance, highly sensitive to soil salinity. Globally, 6–7% of the Earth's land surface faces salinity problems, significantly impacting agriculture, especially in Latin America where 31 million hectares are affected. The germination phase is particularly susceptible to saline stress, causing osmotic imbalance and ionic toxicity that compromise essential physiological processes. Objective. The objective was to evaluate the salinity tolerance of peanut seeds under NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mM, by measuring germination percentage, root and stem length, and dry biomass. Methodology. A completely randomized design was used with the INIAP 383 Pintado variety, with six replicates per treatment. The seeds were disinfected and germinated on Germitest paper under controlled conditions (25.8 ± 2°C) for 10 days. Germination percentages, growth, and mineral analysis were evaluated. Results. The results showed that at 50 mM NaCl, germination at five days did not differ statistically from the control; however, by the tenth day it was significantly reduced to 72.50%. The 100 mM concentration caused drastic reductions in all variables: germination (50.33%), root length (3.49 cm), and biomass, accompanied by Na+ accumulation (2036.30 ppm) and a decrease in the K+/Na+ ratio (0.05). Conclusion. It is concluded that peanuts exhibit moderate tolerance to saline stress during germination under 50 mM NaCl, while 100 mM significantly compromises germination, initial growth, and seedling ionic balance. General Area of Study: Agronomic sciences. Specific area of study: Plant physiology and seed technology. Type of study: Original articles.
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